{"id":3722,"date":"2023-02-01T06:16:21","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T06:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/?post_type=learning-resource&#038;p=3722"},"modified":"2025-11-10T19:27:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T19:27:33","slug":"small-animal-cardiac-ultrasound-measurements","status":"publish","type":"learning-resource","link":"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/en\/academy\/small-animal-cardiac-ultrasound-measurements\/","title":{"rendered":"Small animal cardiac ultrasound measurements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picture1-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14308\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>LA:Ao (Left atrium:aortic root ratio)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Right parasternal short axis view at the level of left atrium and aorta (\u2018Mercedes Benz\u2019)<br>Measurement on frozen B-mode image<br>Measurement taken during diastole (just before QRS on ECG)<br>Measurements taken: LA Diam + Ao Diam (machine will calculate LA:Ao for you)<br>Lines should be drawn through middle of aortic valve leaflets and continued through left&nbsp;atrium in a straight line<br>Normal value &#8211; &lt;1.5 in normal dog<br>Increased value in left atrial enlargement (disease like Mitral regurgitation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picture2-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14312\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>FS (Fractional shortening)<br>Right parasternal short axis view at level of chordae tendinae (Mushroom view)<br>Measurement on frozen M-mode image<br>3 measurements taken during diastole and 3 during systole (6 total)<br>Diastole (just before QRS on ECG)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;IVSd (Interventricular septum at end diastole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVIDd (Left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVPWd (Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole) or LVFWd<br>(Left ventricular free wall thickness at end diastole) \u2013 depends on if human machine&nbsp;Systole (at nadir of septal motion \u2013 when ventricular diameter narrowest)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;IVSs (Interventricular septum at end systole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVIDs (Left ventricular internal diameter at end systole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVPWs (Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole) or LVFWs<br>(Left ventricular free wall thickness at end systole) \u2013 depends on if human machine<br>All measurements are taken from leading edge to leading edge (see below)<br>Machine will calculate Fractional shortening<br>Normal value &#8211; &gt;25% in normal dog (breed variations!)<br>Decreased in DCM (heart contracting poorly during systole)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picture3-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14316\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>EF (Ejection fraction)<br>Right parasternal long axis view (4 chamber view)<br>Measurement on frozen B-mode image<br>Simpson\u2019s rule used to evaluate left ventricular volume<br>2 measurements made during diastole and 2 measurements taken during systole<br>Diastole<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVLd (Left ventricle length during diastole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVAd (Left ventricle area during diastole)<br>Systole<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVLs (Left ventricle length during systole)<br>&#8211;&nbsp;LVAs (Left ventricle area during systole)<br>Machine will calculate Ejection fraction (will also display EDV and ESV \u2013 End diastolic<br>volume and End systolic volume)<br>Normal value &#8211; &gt;50% in normal dog<br>Decreased in DCM (heart contracting poorly during systole)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"271\" src=\"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/picture4-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14321\"\/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84614,"menu_order":209,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"modality_lr":[183],"format_lr":[488],"category_lr":[134],"clinical_application_lr":[128],"class_list":["post-3722","learning-resource","type-learning-resource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","modality_lr-veterinary-learning","format_lr-article","clinical_application_lr-cardiac"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Small animal cardiac ultrasound measurements | IMV imaging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Small animal cardiac ultrasound measurements | IMV imaging\" \/>\n<meta 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