{"id":3772,"date":"2022-12-13T04:06:44","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T04:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/?post_type=learning-resource&#038;p=3772"},"modified":"2023-10-27T10:44:44","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T10:44:44","slug":"ultrasonography-of-the-equine-larynx","status":"publish","type":"learning-resource","link":"https:\/\/www.imv-imaging.com\/en\/academy\/ultrasonography-of-the-equine-larynx\/","title":{"rendered":"Ultrasonography of the equine larynx"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Check out the article below: Ultrasonography of the Equine Larynx<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Indications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evaluation of the hyoid apparatus, laryngeal cartilages, and associated soft tissue structures for assessment of suspected upper airway disease<\/li>\n<li>Specifically:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>RLN<\/li>\n<li>DDSP<\/li>\n<li>Arytenoid chondritis<\/li>\n<li>Laryngeal dysplasia (4-BAD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Equipment requirements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ultrasound machine<\/li>\n<li>High frequency (&gt; 7.5MHz) linear transducer<\/li>\n<li>Medium-high frequency micro-convex transducer (5-8MHz)<\/li>\n<li>Surgical spirit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Patient preparation:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sedate if required. (This is often not necessary, though some animals may not tolerate the technique particularly well if unsedated.)<\/li>\n<li>Extend the horse\u2019s neck slightly. (Using a head stand can be helpful.)<\/li>\n<li>Apply surgical spirit liberally to the laryngeal region and wipe away any excess that may drip and distract the horse.<\/li>\n<li>Set a single focal depth of approximately 2cm and adjust gain and time-gain compensation (TGC) to optimise the image.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Scanning Technique:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First described by CHALMERS, CHEETHAM, YEAGER, et al., 2006.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>Usually involves 4 acoustic windows:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Rostroventral (Assessment of the basihyoid bone including the lingual process, and of the ceratohyoid bones; you may also be able to visualize the base of the tongue, though a lower frequency curvilinear probe may be needed to get sufficient depth of penetration.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 380px;height: 120px\" src=\"\/media\/1385\/picture1.png?width=380&amp;height=120\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2468\" loading=\"lazy\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>start in a transverse plane<\/li>\n<li>position the probe on the ventral midline, rostral to the base of the basihyoid bone, between the rami of the mandible<\/li>\n<li>initially view the lingual process of the basihyoid bone, then slide caudally to view the body of the basihyoid bone; point more rostrally from here to assess the ceratohyoid bones<\/li>\n<li>rotate into a longitudinal (sagittal or parasagittal) plane to view the same structures in longitudinal section<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Midventral (Assessment of the caudal part of the basihyoid bone, the rostral part of the thyroid cartilage, and the insertion of the thyrohyoid muscles.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>in longitudinal (sagittal) section slide caudally to image the gap between the basihyoid bone (rostrally) and the thyroid cartilage (caudally)<\/li>\n<li>slide laterally (parasagittal) to view the insertion of the thyrohyoid muscles on to the thyroid cartilage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Caudoventral (Assessment of the vocal folds, including their movement.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Return to a transverse plane and move caudally to overlie the cricothyroid notch.<\/li>\n<li>Occlusion of the nostrils promotes more pronounced respiratory effort, allowing better visualisation of the vocal fold movement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>Caudolateral (Assessment of the thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages, and the left and right cricoarytenoideus lateralis muscles.)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 328px;height: 215px\" src=\"\/media\/1386\/picture2.png?width=328&amp;height=215\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2469\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 234px;height: 168px\" src=\"\/media\/1387\/picture3.png?width=234&amp;height=168\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2470\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flex the neck away from the side to be scanned<\/li>\n<li>Rotate back into a longitudinal (sagittal) plane<\/li>\n<li>Slide dorsolaterally from the caudoventral window, following the cricoid cartilage as a guide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p>Chalmers H J, Cheetham J, Yeager A E &amp; Ducharme N G (2006) Ultrasonography of the Equine Larynx. <em>Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound<\/em>. 47(5), pp. 476\u2013481.<\/p>\n<p>Chalmers H J, Yeager A E, Cheetham J &amp; Ducharme N G (2012) Diagnostic Sensitivity of Subjective and Quantitative Laryngeal Ultrasonography for Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy in Horses. <em>Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound<\/em>. 53(6), pp. 660\u2013666.<\/p>\n<p>Chalmers H, Yeager A &amp; Ducharme N (2009) Ultrasonographic Assessment of Laryngohyoid Position as a Predictor of Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate in Horses.&nbsp;<em>Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound<\/em>. 50(1), pp. 91\u201396.<\/p>\n<p>Kidd J A, Lu K G &amp; Frazer M L (2014) <em>Atlas of Equine Ultrasonography<\/em>. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.<\/p>\n<p><a data-id=\"43235\" href=\"43235}\" target=\"_top\" title=\"Newsletter sign up\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"__mcenew\" src=\"\/media\/7863\/signupcta.png?width=363&amp;height=134\" alt=\"sign up\" width=\"363\" height=\"134\" data-id=\"66468\"><\/strong><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14394,"menu_order":641,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"modality_lr":[],"format_lr":[],"category_lr":[135],"clinical_application_lr":[149],"class_list":["post-3772","learning-resource","type-learning-resource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","clinical_application_lr-neck-spine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ultrasonography of the Equine Larynx | IMV 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